How do telomeres affect cellular aging?

Telomeres play a crucial role in cellular aging by protecting the ends of chromosomes from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Each time a cell divides, telomeres shorten. When they become too short, the cell can no longer divide properly, leading to senescence or programmed cell death. By preventing chromosome loss and maintaining chromosome integrity, telomeres help to ensure cell stability and longevity, thus contributing to delaying the overall aging process in cellular contexts. Without adequate telomere protection, cells would become more prone to genetic instability and degradation, accelerating aging and potentially leading to various age-related diseases. This understanding highlights why the protective role of telomeres is essential in the context of cellular aging.