In genetics, what does the term 'gamete' specifically refer to?

The term 'gamete' specifically refers to a reproductive cell that is involved in sexual reproduction. In humans and many other organisms, gametes are the sperm and egg cells. These cells carry half the genetic information (haploid) required to form a new organism when they combine during fertilization. This is a crucial concept in genetics because it highlights how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring, maintaining genetic diversity within a population.

Body cells, or somatic cells, are diploid and contain a full set of chromosomes, which is different from the genetic content of gametes. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types but are not specifically linked to reproduction. A fertilized egg is the result of the union of male and female gametes, but it is not a gamete itself; instead, it represents the first stage of development for a new organism.