What are chromosomes made up of?

Chromosomes are primarily composed of DNA and proteins. The DNA carries the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of an organism, while proteins, such as histones, help to package this DNA into a compact, organized structure. This combination allows chromosomes to efficiently store and manage genetic material within the cell nucleus. The structure formed by DNA wrapped around histone proteins is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genetic information and facilitating processes such as replication and transcription. This precise arrangement allows for the proper segregation during cell division, ensuring that each new cell receives an accurate copy of the organism's genetic code.