What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

The three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

mRNA plays a crucial role in conveying genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. It serves as a template that dictates the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein, effectively translating the genetic code into functional proteins.

tRNA is responsible for transporting specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

rRNA, a structural and functional component of ribosomes, aids in the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, thereby playing a critical role in the actual synthesis of proteins.

The other options include RNA types that do not function in protein synthesis or do not exist in the context provided, thereby making them incorrect. The choice specifying mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA accurately reflects the essential roles these three types of RNA have in the process of translating genetic information into proteins.