What does genetic engineering involve?

Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. This process encompasses various techniques that allow scientists to modify the genetic material of organisms in a precise and targeted manner. Genetic engineering can include adding new DNA, removing existing genes, or altering the expression of certain genes, resulting in desired traits or characteristics in the organism.

This definition aligns closely with the advancements in biotechnology, enabling applications such as the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture, gene therapy in medicine, and the production of proteins or other compounds in engineered microorganisms. The ability to directly manipulate genes is what distinguishes genetic engineering from other methods of genetic change or evolution, such as natural selection, which occurs over longer periods through environmental pressures.