What does phenotypic plasticity refer to?

Phenotypic plasticity refers to an organism's ability to alter its phenotype in response to varying environmental conditions. This means that rather than being fixed or unchanging, the traits and characteristics of an organism can be flexible and can adjust according to the surroundings they are in. This adaptability can involve changes in physical attributes, behaviors, and metabolic processes.

For instance, a plant may develop deeper roots in response to a drought or produce leaves that are larger in a nutrient-rich environment. These changes are not permanent alterations to the genetic makeup of the organism but are adjustments that occur due to environmental influences.

The focus on environmental responsiveness distinguishes phenotypic plasticity from other concepts related to genetic stability or consistency in populations. This capability can be crucial for survival and reproduction as it allows organisms to cope with varying conditions and stresses.