What is a genetic marker?

A genetic marker refers to a specific gene or DNA sequence that has a defined location on a chromosome. This marker can be used to identify individuals, species, or relatedness and can play a crucial role in tracking inheritance patterns across generations. Genetic markers are typically associated with particular traits or genetic conditions and can be utilized in a variety of applications, such as in disease association studies, population genetics, and breeding programs.

In the context of genetics, understanding the role of a genetic marker is fundamental as it provides a way to connect phenotypes (observable traits) with genotypes (the underlying genetic makeup). This linkage is essential for identifying genes that may contribute to certain characteristics or predispositions to diseases, facilitating advancements in medical research and biotechnology.