What is a Punnett square used for?

A Punnett square is a tool widely used in genetics to display and predict the possible genetic combinations that can result from the mating of two organisms. It organizes the alleles from each parent along the top and left side of a grid, allowing for a visual representation of how these alleles might combine in the offspring. This method helps to identify the probability of inheriting specific traits based on the genetic makeup of the parents.

For example, when both parents are heterozygous for a trait, the Punnett square can show the likelihood of producing offspring that are homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous. This application is fundamental in understanding Mendelian inheritance patterns and the principles of genetics.