What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?

The distinction between phenotype and genotype is foundational in genetics. The term 'phenotype' refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which are determined by the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment. This includes things like height, skin color, and leaf shape in plants. Essentially, it is how the genetic information is expressed in a physical form.

On the other hand, 'genotype' denotes the specific genetic constitution of an organism, which is typically represented by the alleles it possesses. This genetic makeup encompasses all the inherited information, including dominant and recessive alleles, but does not concern itself directly with how these genetic factors manifest in physical traits.

Thus, the correct answer encapsulates the essence of these definitions by clearly connecting 'phenotype' with observable traits and 'genotype' with the underlying genetic code. This understanding is crucial for interpreting how traits are inherited and expressed in living organisms.