What is the name of the process that involves making a copy of DNA?

The process involving the copying of DNA is called replication. During replication, the two strands of the DNA double helix unwind and separate, allowing each strand to serve as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process ensures that when a cell divides, each new cell receives an exact copy of the DNA, maintaining the genetic information.

In contrast, transcription refers to the process of copying a specific segment of DNA into RNA, which is a different function entirely. Translation is the process by which the RNA is interpreted to synthesize proteins from amino acids, and duplication, while it may seem similar to replication, is not a scientifically recognized term specifically used in genetics to describe the copying of DNA. Therefore, replication is the precise term used to describe the accurate copying of DNA.