What is the primary function of DNA in heredity?

The primary function of DNA in heredity is that it carries genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. Each segment of DNA that encodes a particular function or trait is known as a gene.

During reproduction, genetic information is transmitted through DNA from the parent organisms to their offspring, determining inherited characteristics such as physical traits, predispositions to certain diseases, and even behavior in some cases. This ensures a continuity of genetic material across generations, contributing to the process of evolution as traits can be selected over time.

The other choices represent different biological functions that do not directly pertain to the role of DNA in heredity. Storing energy is a function related to molecules such as ATP, while catalyzing biochemical reactions is generally the role of enzymes. Similarly, proteins are indeed synthesized based on the instructions found in DNA, but the act of protein synthesis itself is not the primary purpose of DNA regarding heredity.