What is the process of genetic information being copied from DNA to RNA called?

The process of genetic information being copied from DNA to RNA is known as transcription. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA, unwinding the double helix and synthesizing a complementary RNA strand based on the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA. This RNA strand, typically messenger RNA (mRNA), serves as a temporary copy of the genetic instructions encoded in the DNA and carries this information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into proteins.

This process is essential for gene expression, allowing cells to use the information stored in their DNA to produce the various proteins necessary for life functions. Transcription is a key step in the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein, which is often summarized by the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.